Analog Frequency Modulator/Demodulator (freqmod, freqdem)

The freqmod and freqdem objects implement the analog frequency modulation (FM) modulator and demodulator, respectively, in liquid. Given an input message signal \(-1 \le m(t) \le 1\) , the transmitted signal at complex baseband is

$$ s(t) = \exp\left\{ j 2 \pi k_f \int_{0}^{t}{ m(\tau)d\tau } \right\} $$

where \(k_f\) is the modulation factor. For a discrete-sampled time series, the transmitted signal at time index \(k\) is simply

$$ s[k] = \exp\left\{ j 2 \pi k_f \sum_{j=0}^{k-1}{m[j]} \right\} $$

The modulation index governs the relative bandwidth of the signal. For a received time series \(\vec{r} = \left\{r[0],r[1],\ldots,r[k] \right\}\) , demodulation is performed simply by computing the instantaneous phase difference between adjacent samples, viz

$$ \hat{m}[k] = \frac{1}{2 \pi k_f} \arg\left\{ r^*[k-1] r[k] \right\} $$

This provides an estimate of the input message signal, represented as\(\hat{m}\) in [ref:eqn-modem-freqmod-rx-discrete] above. An example of the freqmod and freqdem object outputs can be found in[ref:fig-modem-freqmodem] , below.

An example of the interface is listed below.

#include <liquid/liquid.h>

int main() {
    float kf = 0.1f;        // modulation factor

    // create modulator/demodulator objects
    freqmod fmod = freqmod_create(kf);
    freqdem fdem = freqdem_create(kf);

    float m;                // input message
    float complex s;        // modulated signal
    float y;                // output/demodulated message

    // repeat as necessary
    {
        // modulate signal
        freqmod_modulate(fmod, m, &s);

        // demodulate signal
        freqdem_demodulate(fdem, s, &y);
    }

    // clean up objects
    freqmod_destroy(fmod);
    freqdem_destroy(fdem);
}

A more detailed example can be found in examples/freqmodem_example.c located under the main liquid project source directory.

Interface∞

Listed below is the full interface to the freqmod object for analog frequency modulation.

• freqmod_create(kf) creates and returns an freqmod object with a modulation factor \(k_f\) .
• freqmod_destroy(q) destroys an freqmod object, freeing all internally-allocated memory.
• freqmod_print(q) prints the internal state of the freqmod object.
• freqmod_reset(q) resets the state of the freqmod object.
• freqmod_modulate(q,m,*s) modulates the input sample \(m\) storing the single output sample to \(s\) .
• freqmod_modulate_block(q,*m,n,*s) modulates \(n\) input samples of \(m\) and stores the output to the array \(s\) of equal length.

The interface for the demodulator ( freqdem ) is shown here:

• freqdem_create(kf) creates and returns an freqdem object with a modulation factor \(k_f\) .
• freqdem_destroy(q) destroys an freqdem object, freeing all internally-allocated memory.
• freqdem_print(q) prints the internal state of the freqdem object.
• freqdem_reset(q) resets the state of the freqdem object.
• freqdem_demodulate(q,s,*m) demodulates the input sample \(s\) storing the output estimate of the message signal to the single sample \(m\) .
• freqdem_demodulate_block(q,*s,n,*m) demodulates \(n\) input samples of \(s\) and stores the output to the array \(m\) of equal length.