Frequency-Shift Keying Modem

Frequency-shift keying (fsk) modem...

Theory of Operations∞

Figure [fig-fskmodem-psd]. Power spectral density of different fsk modem types.

Interface∞

Listed below is the full interface to...

Here is a basic example of...

//
// fskmodem_example.c
//
// This example demostrates the M-ary frequency-shift keying
// (MFSK) modem in liquid. A message signal is modulated and the
// resulting signal is recovered using a demodulator object.
//

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <liquid/liquid.h>

#define OUTPUT_FILENAME "fskmodem_example.m"

// print usage/help message
void usage()
{
    printf("fskmodem_example -- frequency-shift keying example\n");
    printf("options:\n");
    printf("  h     : print help\n");
    printf("  m     : bits/symbol,              default:  1\n");
    printf("  k     : samples/symbol,           default:  2*2^m\n");
    printf("  b     : signal bandwidth          default:  0.2\n");
    printf("  n     : number of data symbols,   default: 80\n");
    printf("  s     : SNR [dB],                 default: 40\n");
}

int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    // options
    unsigned int m           =   3;     // number of bits/symbol
    unsigned int k           =   0;     // filter samples/symbol
    unsigned int num_symbols = 8000;    // number of data symbols
    float        SNRdB       = 40.0f;   // signal-to-noise ratio [dB]
    float        bandwidth   = 0.20;    // frequency spacing
    unsigned int nfft        = 1200;    // FFT size for compute spectrum

    int dopt;
    while ((dopt = getopt(argc,argv,"hm:k:b:n:s:")) != EOF) {
        switch (dopt) {
        case 'h': usage();                      return 0;
        case 'm': m           = atoi(optarg);   break;
        case 'k': k           = atoi(optarg);   break;
        case 'b': bandwidth   = atof(optarg);   break;
        case 'n': num_symbols = atoi(optarg);   break;
        case 's': SNRdB       = atof(optarg);   break;
        default:
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int j;

    // derived values
    if (k == 0)
        k = 2 << m; // set samples per symbol if not otherwise specified
    unsigned int M    = 1 << m;
    float        nstd = powf(10.0f, -SNRdB/20.0f);

    // validate input
    if (k < M) {
        fprintf(stderr,"errors: %s, samples/symbol must be at least modulation size (M=%u)\n", __FILE__,M);
        exit(1);
    } else if (k > 2048) {
        fprintf(stderr,"errors: %s, samples/symbol exceeds maximum (2048)\n", __FILE__);
        exit(1);
    } else if (M > 1024) {
        fprintf(stderr,"errors: %s, modulation size (M=%u) exceeds maximum (1024)\n", __FILE__, M);
        exit(1);
    } else if (bandwidth <= 0.0f || bandwidth >= 0.5f) {
        fprintf(stderr,"errors: %s, bandwidht must be in (0,0.5)\n", __FILE__);
        exit(1);
    }

    // create modulator/demodulator pair
    fskmod mod = fskmod_create(m,k,bandwidth);
    fskdem dem = fskdem_create(m,k,bandwidth);
    fskdem_print(dem);

    //
    float complex buf_tx[k];    // transmit buffer
    float complex buf_rx[k];    // transmit buffer

    // spectral periodogram
    spgramcf periodogram = spgramcf_create_default(nfft);

    // modulate, demodulate, count errors
    unsigned int num_symbol_errors = 0;
    for (i=0; i<num_symbols; i++) {
        // generate random symbol
        unsigned int sym_in = rand() % M;

        // modulate
        fskmod_modulate(mod, sym_in, buf_tx);

        // add noise
        for (j=0; j<k; j++)
            buf_rx[j] = buf_tx[j] + nstd*(randnf() + _Complex_I*randnf())*M_SQRT1_2;

        // demodulate
        unsigned int sym_out = fskdem_demodulate(dem, buf_rx);

        // count errors
        num_symbol_errors += (sym_in == sym_out) ? 0 : 1;

        // estimate power spectral density
        spgramcf_write(periodogram, buf_rx, k);
    }

    printf("symbol errors: %u / %u\n", num_symbol_errors, num_symbols);

    // compute power spectral density of received signal
    float psd[nfft];
    spgramcf_get_psd(periodogram, psd);
    spgramcf_destroy(periodogram);

    //
    // export results
    //

    FILE * fid = fopen(OUTPUT_FILENAME,"w");
    fprintf(fid,"%% %s : auto-generated file\n", OUTPUT_FILENAME);
    fprintf(fid,"clear all\n");
    fprintf(fid,"close all\n");
    fprintf(fid,"k = %u;\n", k);
    fprintf(fid,"M = %u;\n", M);
    fprintf(fid,"num_symbols = %u;\n", num_symbols);
    fprintf(fid,"nfft        = %u;\n", nfft);

    // save power spectral density
    fprintf(fid,"psd = zeros(1,nfft);\n");
    for (i=0; i<nfft; i++)
        fprintf(fid,"psd(%4u) = %12.8f;\n", i+1, psd[i]);

    // plot PSD
    fprintf(fid,"figure('Color','white');\n");
    fprintf(fid,"f = [0:(nfft-1)]/nfft - 0.5;\n");
    fprintf(fid,"plot(f,psd,'LineWidth',1.5,'Color',[0.5 0 0]);\n");
    fprintf(fid,"axis([-0.5 0.5 -40 20]);\n");
    fprintf(fid,"xlabel('Normalized Frequency [f/F_s]');\n");
    fprintf(fid,"ylabel('PSD [dB]');\n");
    fprintf(fid,"grid on;\n");

    fclose(fid);
    printf("results written to '%s'\n", OUTPUT_FILENAME);

    return 0;
}